Практикум по межкультурной коммуникации

35 Elaborate communication style distinguishes itself by a rich, expressive language, which uses a large number of adjectives describing a noun, exaggerations, idiomatic expressions, proverbs and metaphors. This style is mainly used in high-context cultures of the Middle East such as Iran, Egypt, Lebanon and Saudi-Arabia. Empathy is the capacity to recognize emotions that are being experienced by another person. One may need to have a certain amount of empathy before being able to experience accurate sympathy or compassion Ethics is a set of concepts and principles that guide people in determining right and wrong conduct. Exacting communication style can be found in low-context cultures, these are mainly North American and North European cultures. It says that neither more nor less information is required to communicate a message. The speaker just uses those words, which describe exactly the speakers′ intention. No additional words or paraphrases are required. "I" message – simply changing the way in which complaints are phrased in order to limit escalation pressures. E.g. accusatory phrases, "you did this," are often more likely to contribute to escalation than less accusatory phrases such as "I am having trouble because of this." Indirect communication style – the speaker/writer’s expressing his/her thoughts implicitly, or using hints or modifiers (e.g. "perhaps", "maybe"). In this case the listener/reader is expected to monitor the nonverbal communication, to read contextual cues, to relate what has been stated to all information available about the speaker/writer and the situation at hand in order to read the real meaning. Instrumental communication style is the exchange of information for practical purposes. It is goal-oriented in verbal exchange and employs a sender-oriented language. The instrumental style is dominant in individualistic, low-context cultures.