Английский язык для автомобилистов

35 Unit 5. Combustion chamber Exercise 1. Read words. industry — промышленность research — исследование characteristics — технические данные turbulence — турбулентность mixture — смесь pressure — давление aluminium — алюминий Exercise 2. Read the text. Translate the text from English into Russian. Combustion chamber The combustion chamber is the space within the cylinder above the piston where the burning of the gas occurs. Since early days of the industry research is continued on the design charac-teristics of the combustion chamber. The trend in design has been, and is, to concentrate as much of the expan-sive force as possible directly on the head of the piston and avoid dissipation of the expansive force in directions that do not produce power. Another trend is towards the creation and control of turbulence or move-ment of the air and gasoline mixture within the cylinder to create a more uniform and better mixture of the gasoline and air. It has been recognized for many years that the more the explosive mixture is compressed within the cylinder before it is ignited, the more power will be developed by the explosion stroke. The amount of power depends also upon the characteristics of the fuel used. One of these characteristics is the tendency of the fuel “to ping” or “knock” as the compression pressure is raised. This knocking, known as detonation, is attributed to irregular and to rapid expansion of explosion of the gasoline The noise comes from vibration of the walls of the combustion chamber. The material of which the combustion chamber is made and the efficiency of the cooling system also has a distinct bearing on the compression ratio that can be used in a given engine. For example, aluminium pistons and aluminium cylinder heads can operate at higher compression ratios than could cast iron or steel. One reason for this is perhaps that the heat of combustion is dissipated more rapidly to the cooling water due to the superior heat conducting ability of alum...