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English Grammar

Автор: Татьяна Дроздова, Алла Берестова, Вероника Маилова

Учебник по грамматике английского языка для школьников и студентов с различным уровнем подготовки. Оригинальная сопоставительная методика; опора на родной язык; многообразие примеров и таблиц; более 500 упражнений.

Форматы: PDF

Издательство: Антология

Год: 2012

Место издания: Санкт-Петербург

ISBN: 978-5-94962-163-9

Страниц: 464

Артикул: 58167

Возрастная маркировка: 12+

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Содержание книги "English Grammar . Reference and Practice"

THE VERB

1. The Verb "to be"

2. "There" "be" Construction

3. The Verb "to have"

4. English Tenses Active

5. The Indefinite (Simple) Forms

6. The Continuous Forms

7. The Perfect Forms

8. The Perfect Continuous Forms

9. Revision on Tenses

10. Tests

11. Talking about the Future

THE SEQUENCE OF TENSES

1. General Rules

2. Revision

3. Tests

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

1. Indirect Statement

2. Indirect Command and Request

3. Indirect Questions

4. Revision

THE PASSIVE VOICE

1. The Formation of the Passive Voice

2. Uses of the Passive Voice Peculiar to the English Language

3. Revision

4. Tests

THE USE OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD

1. Conditional Sentences

2. Making a Wish

3. Revision

4. Tests

MODAL VERBS

1. Definition

2. Can

3. May

4. Must

5. Should and Ought

6. Need

7. Revision

8. Tests

THE NOUN

1. Formation of Nouns

2. Classification of Nouns

3. The Category of Number

4. The Category of Case

5. Tests

THE ARTICLE

1. The Use of Articles with Common Nouns

2. The Use of Articles with Nouns of Material and Abstract Nouns

3. The Use of Articles with Proper Nouns

4. Special Difficulties in the Use of Articles

5. The Use of Articles with Nouns in Some Set Expressions

6. Tests

THE PRONOUN

1. Classification of Pronouns

2. Tests

THE ADJECTIVE

1. Formation of Adjectives

2. Word Order: adjective noun

3. The Comparison of Adjectives

4. Tests

THE ADVERB

1. Definition and Forms

2. Classification of Adverbs

3. Revision

4. Tests

THE VERBALS (the Non-Finite Forms of the Verb)

1. The Gerund

2. The Infinitive

3. The Participle

PREPOSITION

1. Definition

2. Prepositions of Place

3. Prepositions of Direction

4. Some Prepositions Confused

5. Revision

6. Prepositions with Forms of Transport

7. The Prepositions of Time

8. Prepositions Expressing Abstract Relations

9. Composite Prepositions

10. Revision

11. The Use of Prepositions in Set Expressions

12. Tests

THE COMPOUND SENTENCE AND THE COMPLEX SENTENCE

The Compound Sentence

The Complex Sentence

1. Subject Clauses

2. Predicative Clauses

3. Object Clauses

4. Attributiv e Clauses

5. Adverbial Clauses

EMPHASIS

1. The Emphatic Do

2. Double Negation

3. The Emphatic Construction "It is ... that/which/who/whom"

4. The Emphatic Construction "It is not until ... that"

5. The Emphatic "Not ... till/until"

Appendix 1. List of Irregular Verbs

Appendix 2. Irregular and Regular Verbs: Difficult Cases

Appendix 3. Regular Verbs: Spelling Rules

Appendix 4. List of Adverbs and Adverbial Phrases

Appendix 5. Place of Adverbs

Appendix 6. Verbs Followed by the Infinitive

Appendix 7. American English

Appendix 8. List of Grammar Terms and Key Words

Appendix 9. Punctuation

Appendix 10. Prepositions and Homonymous Adverbs. The Meaning and Use

Appendix 11. Some Verbs Used with Prepositions

Appendix 12. The List of Verbs Used with Prepositions

Appendix 13. The Compound Sentence. Conjunctions and Connectives

Appendix 14. The Complex Sentence. Conjunctions and Connectives

Literature

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SPELLING AND PRONUNCIATION RULESRegular verbs form the Past Indefinite and Participle II by adding -ed to the stem of the verb, or only -d if the stem of the verb ends in -e: to want - wanted to unite - unitedto open - opened to live - livedThe pronunciation of -ed (-d) depends on the sound preceding it. It is pronounced:[id] after t, d: wanted ['w on tid], landed ['laendidj;[d] after voiced consonants except dand after vowels: opened [ 'oupsnd], played [pleid]; [ t ] after voiceless consonants except t : worked [wsrkt].The following spelling rules should be observed:a. Final y is changed into / before the addition of -ed if it is preceded by a consonant:to carry - carried to reply - repliedy remains unchanged if it is preceded by a vowel: to enjoy - enjoyedb. If a verb ends in a consonant preceded by a short stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled:to stop - sto pped to sob - sobbed to submit - subm ittedto plan - planned to stir - stirredfinal r is doubled if it is preceded by a stressed vowel:to occur - o ccu rred to prefer - preferred to refer - referredfinal r is not doubled when preceded by a diphthong: to appear - appearedfinal / is doubled if it is preceded by a short vowel, stressed or unstressed: to com pel - com pelled to quarrel - quarrelledAFFIRMATIVENEGATIVEINTERROGATIVEI w o rked /w ro teI did not w o rk/w riteDid I w ork/w rite?I didn’t w o rk/w riteThe Past Indefinite (Simple) may denote:1. An action perform ed in the past:□ We en tered the house in silence.□ He m et us at the station.2. A succession of oast actions:□ He shut the window, switched off the light and w ent upstairs.3. A repeated action in the past:□ He m ade an entry in his diary every night.NOTE: Repeated actions are often expressed byused to + Infinitive (refers to past action, habit or state (раньше, когда-то)), would + Infinitive (refers to a person’s usual behaviour in t...

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English Grammar

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