Мировая экономика и международные экономические отношения

48Part 2. GLOBAL TRENDS IN WORLD ECONOMYThe KOF globalization index (constructed in Dreher [7]) was first published in 2002. It covers a large number of countries. More spe-cifically, the three dimensions of globalization are defined as: –economic globalization, characterised by the long distance flows of goods, capital and services as well as information and perceptions that accompany market exchanges; –political globalization, characterised by the diffusion of gov-ernment policies; –social globalization, expressed as the spread of ideas, informa-tion, images and people. While the MGI and KOF indices are very similar in many respects, there are notable methodo-logical differences.Globalization has been relatively independent of region, even though the degree of globalization varies considerably. Overall, the index suggests that some countries are systematically more glo-balized than others. While in the last eight years globalization has been pronounced in all regions, some regions are more globalized than others. In particular, Western European and other industrial-ised countries display the greatest integration, South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa are the regions least globalized.Fig. 4.1 and 4.2 shows the more globalized countries (according to the KOF Indices) in a darker color. Once again, Western European and North American countries have usually been the most globalized, while countries in Sub-Saharan Africa are the least globalized.We can compare two research results and make the conclusion about the increasing of globalization (through the prism of countries, regions, years).Except such basic direct indices of globalization there are a lot of additional indirect indices of globalization (table 4.3).Globalization has set a problem of searching for new basic origins of comprehension of the modern world: – it is essential that national economies and their structure under the circumstances of globalizations have developed new orient-ing points to be included ...