Деловой английский язык

551. Why is the function of management becoming more complex?2. What must management possess nowadays?3. How can we prove that management encompasses both science and art?Text 3Read the text and dwell on the importance of each principle in the work of a manager. Try to exemplify your answer.Principles of ManagementDifferent scholars offer different sets of principles of management. The most famous are the following fourteen. But the main principle should be read as follows: “there is nothing rigid or absolute in man-agement affairs, it is all a question of proportion”. Accordingly if you view the following list of these principles as a set of important topics and sometimes applicable guidelines for managers, you will be keeping close to the spirit in which they were originally suggested.1. Division of work. Within limits, reduction in the number of tasks a worker performs or the number of responsibilities a manager has can increase skill and performance.2. Authority. Authority is the right to give orders and enforce them with reward or penalty. Responsibility is accountability for results. The two should be balanced, neither exceeding nor being less than the other.3. Discipline. Discipline is the condition of compliance and commit-ment that results from the network of stated or implied understandings between employees and managers. Discipline is mostly a result of the ability of leadership. It depends upon good supervisors at all levels mak-ing and keeping clear and fair agreements concerning work.4. Unity of command. Each employee should receive orders from one superior only.5. Unity of direction. One manager and one plan for each group of activities having the same objective is necessary to coordinate, unify, and focus action.6. Subordination of individual interests to general interests. Ignorance, ambition, selfishness, laziness, weakness, and all human passion tend to cause self-serving instead of organization-serving behavior on the job. Managers need to fin...