Лексикология современного английского языка

21Seminar 5 morphologytask 1. Retell the following in terms of lexical morphemes vs. grammati-cal morphemes.Words as things uttered split up into phonemes, but phonemes do not take meaning into account. We do not play on the phonemes of a word as we play on the keys of a piano, content with mere sound; when we utter a word we are concerned with the transmission of mean-ing. We need an appropriate kind of fission, then — one that is seman­tic, not phonemic. Will division into syllables do? Obviously not, for syllables are mechanical and metrical, mere equal ticks of a click or beats in a bar. If I divide (as for children’s reading primer) the word ‘metrical’ into ‘met-ri-саl’, I have learned nothing new about the word: these three syllables are not functional as neutrons, protons, electrons are functional. But if I divide the word as ‘metr-; -ic; -аl’; I have done something rather different. I have indicated that it is made of the root ‘metr-’, which refers to measurement and is found in ‘metronome’ and, in a different phonetic disguise, in ‘metre’, ‘kilometre’, and the rest; ‘-ic’, which is an adjectival ending found also in ‘toxic’, ‘psychic’, etc., but can sometimes indicate a noun, so that ‘metric’ itself can be used in a phrase like ‘Milton’s metric’ with full noun status; ‘-аl’, which is an unambiguous adjectival ending, as in ‘festal’, ‘vernal’, ‘partial’. I have split ‘metrical’ into three contributory forms which (remembering that Greek morph — means ‘form’) I can call morphemes.Let us now take a phrase or sentence and attempt a more extended analysis. This will do: ‘Jack’s father was eating his dinner very quickly’. Here I would suggest the following fission: 1) Mack; 2) ‘-’s’; 3) ‘father’; 4) ‘was’; 5) ‘eat’; 6) ‘-ing’; 7) ‘hi-’; 8) ‘-s’; 9) ‘dinner’; 10) ‘very’; 11) ‘quick’; 12) ‘-ly’ — making a total of twelve morphemes. ‘Jack’ can exist on its own, but the addition of ‘-’s’ (a morpheme denoting