Кристаллизация шлаков плавок никелевого и медного сырья

38 1.5. ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɬɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɲɥɚɤɨɜ Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɬɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɲɥɚɤɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 1.12 (ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɩɨ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɟ ɜɵɹɜ-ɥɟɧɨ (ɬɚɛɥ. 1.5), ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɱɟɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɚɧɢɨɧɚ (ASC = = 2,7 ɞɥɹ ɠɟɥɟɡɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɲɥɚɤɚ ɢ ASC = 2,5 ɞɥɹ ɛɟɡɠɟɥɟɡɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɲɥɚɤɚ) ɢ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ (Bmol = 0,7 ɞɥɹ ɠɟɥɟɡɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɲɥɚɤɚ ɢ Bmol = 0,5 ɞɥɹ ɛɟɡɠɟɥɟɡɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɲɥɚɤɚ) ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɬ ɫ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ. Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ 1.12 ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɬɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɲɥɚɤɨɜ ɩɪɢ 1300–1550 °C i Ti, °C ɀɟɥɟɡɢɫɬɵɣ ɲɥɚɤ Ȼɟɡɠɟɥɟɡɢɫɬɵɣ ɲɥɚɤ ȡɷɤɫɩ,i, ɝ ā ɫɦ–3 ıɷɤɫɩ,i, ɦɇ ā ɦ–1 ȡɷɤɫɩ,i, ɝ ā ɫɦ–3 ıɷɤɫɩ,i, ɦɇ ā ɦ–1 1 1550 1,85 144 2,23 330 2 1500 1,93 160 2,25 340 3 1450 1,98 170 – – 4 1400 2,05 190 2,29 345 5 1350 2,15 210 – – 6 1300 2,21 250 – – ɂɡ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɟɞɺɬ ɤ ɪɨɫɬɭ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɜ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɡ ɲɥɚɤɚ ɨɤ-ɫɢɞɨɜ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬ ɬɨɬ ɠɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ: ɞɥɹ ɠɟɥɟɡɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɲɥɚɤɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ȡɷɤɫɩ,i ɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɬ 1,85 ɝ ā ɫɦ–3 ɩɪɢ 1550 °C ɞɨ 2,21 ɝ ā ɫɦ–3 ɩɪɢ 1300 °C, ɞɥɹ ɛɟɡɠɟɥɟ-ɡɢɫɬɨɝɨ – ɨɬ 2,23 ɝ ā ɫɦ–3 ɩɪɢ 1550 °C ɞɨ 2,29 ɝ ā ɫɦ–3 ɩɪɢ 1400 °C. Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨ-ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɬɹɠɟɧɢɹ: ɞɥɹ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ıɷɤɫɩ,i ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 144–250 ɦɇ ā ɦ–1 ɩɪɢ 1550–1300 °C ɢ 330–345 ɦɇ ā ɦ–1 ɩɪɢ 1550–1400 °C ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ. ȼ ɰɟ-ɥɨɦ, ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɬɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɲɥɚɤɨɜ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚɯ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɜɨɤ ɦɟɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɧɢ-ɤɟɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ [34, 35].