Балто-славянская акцентология

Steven YoungUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyNasal Affixes and Secondary Short Stems in Baltic and SlavicThis paper further develops a thesis presented at the Fifth Interna-tional Workshop on Balto-Slavic Accentology [Young 2011]: that a num-ber of apparent exceptions to Winterʼs law in Baltic which show a shortor circumflex root vocalism in place of expected acute are best explainedon morphological grounds, rather than by some phonological refinementof Winterʼs law. These unexpected non-acute vocalisms originate innasal-infixed intransitives, a once highly productive category in the EastBaltic system of verbal diathesis. From here they spread to closely-associ-ated forms such as u-stem adjectives and deverbal nouns in -imas. A typi-cal example is Lith. dùbti, dum̃ba, dùbo ‘grow hollow, sunkenʼ with u-stem adjective dubùs ‘hollow, deepʼ and deverbal noun dubìmas, along-side the transitive Lith. dúobti, -ia ‘hollow outʼ and Latv. duôbjš ‘deep,hollowʼ (*dheu-b- ‘tief, hohlʼ [IEW: 267]), which preserve the acutedlength expected under Winterʼs law. This morphological approach, basedon East Baltic ablaut alternations, also provides a solution for occasionallaryngeal bases with unexpected short root vocalisms: Lith. grùsti,gruñda, grùdo ‘grow sad, grieveʼ and grudùs ‘(emotionally) movingʼalongside -st- doublet grū́sti, grū́sta (*grū́d-st-), grū́do: *ghrēu- ~ ghrǝu- ~ghrū- ‘scharf darüber reiben, zerreibenʼ [IEW: 460]. Baltic intransitives with a nasal infix in the present tense are charac-terized by high-vowel root vocalism, typically -i-. Historically, this vocal-ism represents the reduced grade of an -ei-, -eu-, TeRT- or (T)ReT-1 se-quence, associated with transitive diathesis. According to Smoczyński,e.g., [SEJL: 97–98, s. v. dègti], this high-vowel reduced grade was thenextended in Balto-Slavic to roots of the shape TeT-, where there is noother model for -i- apophony: *tek- ‘flow, runʼ provides the...