Магнитно-импульсная сварка

55 ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɛɡɨɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ ɩɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɆɂɈɆ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɭɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɦɟ-ɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɸɬ ɜ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɨɪɟ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɪɚɡ-ɪɹɠɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɪɹɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɧɭɸ ɛɚɬɚɪɟɸ [38–39, 42, 45–46]. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɟ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɢɧɞɭɰɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜɢɯɪɟɜɵɟ ɬɨɤɢ, ɜɡɚɢ-ɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫ ɬɨɤɨɦ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ, ɞɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɢɡ ɤɨɧɞɟɧ-ɫɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɛɚɬɚɪɟɢ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ, ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɡɚɡɨɪɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɨɣ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɨɪɚ ɢ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɨɣ, ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟ-ɫɤɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ. Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ. Ɉɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɟɝɨ ɪɟɚɥɢ-ɡɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɥɚ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɭɬɢ ɧɚɜɟɞɺɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ. Ɉɬɫɸɞɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɨɪɚ, ɬɨɤɢ ɬɟɤɭɬ ɩɨ ɟɺ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɠɟ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɤɜɨɡ-ɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɪɟɡɶ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɣ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɫɤɜɨɡɧɵɯ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣ, ɬɨ ɫɢɥɵ, ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɧɚ ɧɟɺ, ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɵ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɥɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ [42]. ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɲɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɆɂɈɆ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ, ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɨɝɨ. Ɉɧ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɢ ɬɨɤɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɭɸ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɢ ɨɛ-ɪɚɬɧɵɣ ɬɨɤɨɩɨɞɜɨɞ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ. Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɭɪ, ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɱɟɦ, ɩɪɚɤ-ɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɝɨɪɚɡɞɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɟɟ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɦ. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɟɧ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɂɆɉ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣ-ɫɬɜɢɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɚ ɫ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɢɫɱɟɡɚɸɳɢɦ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɦ ɩɨɥɨɦ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɨɪɚ. ɂɫɯɨɞɧɭɸ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɸɬ ɜ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɟɟ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɟ, ɤɨɬɨ-ɪɨɟ ɧɚɜɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɜɢɯɪɟɜɵɟ ɬɨɤɢ. ȼɜɢɞɭ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɹ