«В музыке летящих ракет...»: (космос в зеркале авангардной архитектуры)

3838Grand scale “paper” architectureGrand scale “paper” architectureGraphic works by Y. Chernikhov were considered to be the brightest example of futurist grand-scale architecture. Y. Chernikov was a graduate of the Imperial Academy of Arts where he obtained the qualification of Artist-Architect under Professor Leonty Benua. In 1907 Y. Chernikhov founded his own Scien- ce and Research Experimental Laboratory of Archi- tectural Forms. He taught graphics, descriptive geo- metry, construction drawing at various higher edu- cational institutions in Leningrad. In the late 1920s and the early 1930s he published his Architectural Fantasies that made him world famous. In the pre-war years he worked on a series of graphic works entitled “Palaces of Communism”, “Arcnitecture of the Future”, etc.It should be noted that Y. Chernikhov’s Fantasies made a certain impact on the 20th-century archi- tecture. Some of the architect’s projects were built (the Tower of the “Krasny Gvozdilshchik” Factory, St. Petersburg, 1931; holiday house “Severoles”, 1933, architects Y. Chernikhov and S. Brovtsev; Scientific Research Institute “Mehanobr”, 1933, architects Y. Cher-nikhov. S. Brovtsev, S. Malinovsky). Y. Chernikhov stu- died the methods of architectural design, aesthetics in architecture, the role of light and colour, etc. His designs for industrial projects were distin- guished by innovative constructive forms, his skill to reflect the interior in the exterior forms of the building, its balance and vivid dynamism. The archi- tect’s constructions were characterized by dynamics, colour, graphic and compositional movement. Like V. Tatlin’s, Y. Chernikhov’s lines and forms attempted to reach up to the heavens, to connect the earth and the sky. Y. Chernikov’s drawings in contrast to A.  Sant’Elia’s fantasies were not pessimistic, as the architect operated by means of light, colour and shadow. His drawings...