English Grammar
книга

English Grammar . Reference and Practice

Автор: Татьяна Дроздова, Алла Берестова, Вероника Маилова

Форматы: PDF

Издательство: Антология

Год: 2012

Место издания: Санкт-Петербург

ISBN: 978-5-94962-163-9

Страниц: 464

Артикул: 58167

Возрастная маркировка: 12+

Электронная книга
220

Краткая аннотация книги "English Grammar"

Учебник по грамматике английского языка для школьников и студентов с различным уровнем подготовки. Оригинальная сопоставительная методика; опора на родной язык; многообразие примеров и таблиц; более 500 упражнений.

Содержание книги "English Grammar"


THE VERB
1. The Verb "to be"
2. "There" "be" Construction
3. The Verb "to have"
4. English Tenses Active
5. The Indefinite (Simple) Forms
6. The Continuous Forms
7. The Perfect Forms
8. The Perfect Continuous Forms
9. Revision on Tenses
10. Tests
11. Talking about the Future
THE SEQUENCE OF TENSES
1. General Rules
2. Revision
3. Tests
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
1. Indirect Statement
2. Indirect Command and Request
3. Indirect Questions
4. Revision
THE PASSIVE VOICE
1. The Formation of the Passive Voice
2. Uses of the Passive Voice Peculiar to the English Language
3. Revision
4. Tests
THE USE OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
1. Conditional Sentences
2. Making a Wish
3. Revision
4. Tests
MODAL VERBS
1. Definition
2. Can
3. May
4. Must
5. Should and Ought
6. Need
7. Revision
8. Tests
THE NOUN
1. Formation of Nouns
2. Classification of Nouns
3. The Category of Number
4. The Category of Case
5. Tests
THE ARTICLE
1. The Use of Articles with Common Nouns
2. The Use of Articles with Nouns of Material and Abstract Nouns
3. The Use of Articles with Proper Nouns
4. Special Difficulties in the Use of Articles
5. The Use of Articles with Nouns in Some Set Expressions
6. Tests
THE PRONOUN
1. Classification of Pronouns
2. Tests
THE ADJECTIVE
1. Formation of Adjectives
2. Word Order: adjective noun
3. The Comparison of Adjectives
4. Tests
THE ADVERB
1. Definition and Forms
2. Classification of Adverbs
3. Revision
4. Tests
THE VERBALS (the Non-Finite Forms of the Verb)
1. The Gerund
2. The Infinitive
3. The Participle
PREPOSITION
1. Definition
2. Prepositions of Place
3. Prepositions of Direction
4. Some Prepositions Confused
5. Revision
6. Prepositions with Forms of Transport
7. The Prepositions of Time
8. Prepositions Expressing Abstract Relations
9. Composite Prepositions
10. Revision
11. The Use of Prepositions in Set Expressions
12. Tests
THE COMPOUND SENTENCE AND THE COMPLEX SENTENCE
The Compound Sentence
The Complex Sentence
1. Subject Clauses
2. Predicative Clauses
3. Object Clauses
4. Attributiv e Clauses
5. Adverbial Clauses
EMPHASIS
1. The Emphatic Do
2. Double Negation
3. The Emphatic Construction "It is ... that/which/who/whom"
4. The Emphatic Construction "It is not until ... that"
5. The Emphatic "Not ... till/until"
Appendix 1. List of Irregular Verbs
Appendix 2. Irregular and Regular Verbs: Difficult Cases
Appendix 3. Regular Verbs: Spelling Rules
Appendix 4. List of Adverbs and Adverbial Phrases
Appendix 5. Place of Adverbs
Appendix 6. Verbs Followed by the Infinitive
Appendix 7. American English
Appendix 8. List of Grammar Terms and Key Words
Appendix 9. Punctuation
Appendix 10. Prepositions and Homonymous Adverbs. The Meaning and Use
Appendix 11. Some Verbs Used with Prepositions
Appendix 12. The List of Verbs Used with Prepositions
Appendix 13. The Compound Sentence. Conjunctions and Connectives
Appendix 14. The Complex Sentence. Conjunctions and Connectives
Literature

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SPELLING AND PRONUNCIATION RULESRegular verbs form the Past Indefinite and Participle II by adding -ed to the stem of the verb, or only -d if the stem of the verb ends in -e: to want - wanted to unite - unitedto open - opened to live - livedThe pronunciation of -ed (-d) depends on the sound preceding it. It is pronounced:[id] after t, d: wanted ['w on tid], landed ['laendidj;[d] after voiced consonants except dand after vowels: opened [ 'oupsnd], played [pleid]; [ t ] after voiceless consonants except t : worked [wsrkt].The following spelling rules should be observed:a. Final y is changed into / before the addition of -ed if it is preceded by a consonant:to carry - carried to reply - repliedy remains unchanged if it is preceded by a vowel: to enjoy - enjoyedb. If a verb ends in a consonant preceded by a short stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled:to stop - sto pped to sob - sobbed to submit - subm ittedto plan - planned to stir - stirredfinal r is doubled if it is preceded by a stressed vowel:to occur - o ccu rred to prefer - preferred to refer - referredfinal r is not doubled when preceded by a diphthong: to appear - appearedfinal / is doubled if it is preceded by a short vowel, stressed or unstressed: to com pel - com pelled to quarrel - quarrelledAFFIRMATIVENEGATIVEINTERROGATIVEI w o rked /w ro teI did not w o rk/w riteDid I w ork/w rite?I didn’t w o rk/w riteThe Past Indefinite (Simple) may denote:1. An action perform ed in the past:□ We en tered the house in silence.□ He m et us at the station.2. A succession of oast actions:□ He shut the window, switched off the light and w ent upstairs.3. A repeated action in the past:□ He m ade an entry in his diary every night.NOTE: Repeated actions are often expressed byused to + Infinitive (refers to past action, habit or state (раньше, когда-то)), would + Infinitive (refers to a person’s usual behaviour in t...

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